1. Ukumba ukwakhiwa
Ukumba indawo yokwakha, ukumba imisele yamanzi ngemva kwemvula, amaphrojekthi kamasipala okwakha uhlaza, kanye nokumba amapayipi okushisa kanye negesi yemvelo yizona zizathu eziyinhloko zokusikwa kwepayipi. Ngaphakathi kwe-1 km ukusuka ekugcineni, indawo yokungena, indawo yokungena kwensika, ingaphakathi lepayipi, kanye nendawo yokugoba kumele kuhlolwe ukuze kugwenywe ezinye izindawo zokuphuka kanye nezindawo zokwelula.
Ikhono lokufinyelela indawo lapho iphutha likhona ngokushesha okukhulu libalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukulungiswa kuhlala isikhathi eside. Uma iqembu lokwakha selisika futhi ligcwalisa ikhebula le-fiber optic, ukulungisa iphutha kuba nzima kakhulu.
Uma imigodi yamapayipi ezungezile igqitshwe noma amapayipi onakele, thola umzila wesikhashana bese wandisa ikhebula le-fiber optic ukuze kulungiswe ngokushesha okukhulu. Isimo esisendaweni siyinkimbinkimbi; uma kungenakwenzeka ukunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo olusheshayo nolusebenzayo, izinhlelo eziningi zizosetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa uma kutholakala abasebenzi abanele. Ukutholakala kwamathuluzi okumba, njengefosholo namapiki, nakho kuyisici esibalulekile esinciphisa isikhathi sokulungisa. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukudalwa kwamaphuzu amasha okwehluleka, ukumba ngomshini kufanele kugwenywe endaweni ngangokunokwenzeka.
Uma ukuxazulula inkinga sekuqediwe, itshe lokumaka kumele libekwe phezu kwesiqeshana ukuze kuvikelwe ibhokisi le-fiber optic cable splice. Akukho ukufuduka kwesikhashana okuphephile, futhi kufanele kwabelwe abasebenzi ukumaka indawo.
2. Imoto iyalenga
Uma indawo yephutha ingakolunye uhlangothi lomgwaqo, abasebenzi bokulungisa izimo eziphuthumayo kufanele babeke uphawu lwesixwayiso ngemva kokufika endaweni yesigameko, baqoke umuntu okhethekile ukuthi aqondise izimoto, bavikele ukuphepha komuntu siqu kwabasebenzi bokulungisa izimo eziphuthumayo ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungisa, futhi bagweme ukuphazamiseka kwesibili kwekhebula le-optical ngesikhathi senqubo yokulungisa.
Uma ubhekene nephutha lokuwa kwekhebula le-fiber optic, kufanele uqale wenze ukuhlolwa kwe-bidirectional kukhebula le-fiber optic endaweni yephutha usebenzisa i-OTDR bese uhlola izigxobo ze-crossover, amabhokisi e-junction, ama-shim, njll., ngaphakathi kwezigxobo ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5 kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zephuzu lokuphuka ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo wekhebula le-fiber optic. Hlola ezinye izindawo zomonakalo bese uzilungisa ngokufanele.
Uma imoto ilenga, kufanele kulungiswe isigxobo kanye neladi ukuze kusekelwe ikhebula le-fiber optic okwesikhashana endaweni yokuwela. Ngemva kokulungiswa, indawo yokuwela kufanele iphakanyiswe, kulungiswe ukuphakama, bese kufakwa uphawu.
3. Umlilo
Ukwehluleka kwekhebula le-optical okubangelwa imililo ngokuvamile akuholeli ekuphazamisekeni kwenkonzo ngasikhathi sinye, futhi ukuphazamiseka kwe-core by-core kuyinto evamile yokwehluleka okuhlobene nomlilo. Ngemva kokuba abasebenzi bokulungisa izimo eziphuthumayo befikile endaweni, bazoqala bahlole isimo, bacime umlilo, futhi bavikele ikhebula le-optical elonakele. Ukuhlonza izintambo ze-optical kuyinselele ebalulekile ekulungiseni lokhu kwehluleka. Lapho ufika endaweni yephutha, ungasheshi ukusika i-core yekhebula le-fiber optic, ikakhulukazi hhayi ama-core amaningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lapho usika, maka zombili izinhlangothi zekhebula le-fiber optic ukuze kube lula ukulungisa nokuxhuma ngaphandle kokuxhuma kabusha ikhebula le-fiber optic elingalungile.
Lolu hlobo lwephutha luqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izingxenye zekhebula le-optical elonakele lokushisa eliphezulu ziyasikwa ngaphambi kokulifaka nge-solder, ukuze kugwenywe ukusebenza kabusha kwekhebula le-optical elonakele ngemva kokuqala kokulifaka nge-solder.
4. Ishaya ipali kagesi
Intambo ye-fiber optic inqanyuliwe ngoba imoto yokwakha ishayise isigxobo sikagesi. Lapho ufika endaweni yesehlakalo, faka izimpawu zokuxwayisa, uvale indawo yokuphepha ukuze kulungiswe isimo esiphuthumayo, nikeza abasebenzi ukuthi bafundise abahamba ngezinyawo, bese wenza ukuhlolwa kwezinhlangothi zombili kukhebula le-fiber optic ngesikhathi sokulungisa isimo esiphuthumayo ukuze uhlole ezinye izindawo zokuphazamiseka. Uma ukulungiswa sekuqediwe, isigxobo esonakele kufanele sishintshwe ngokushesha okukhulu futhi sipendwe kabusha ngopende wokuxwayisa.
Uma ulungisa lolu hlobo lwephutha, qaphela ukusetshenziswa kwe-OTDR ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-bidirectional bese uhlola izindawo lapho izinti, ibhokisi lokuhlangana, kanye ne-spare kudlula khona ngaphakathi kobubanzi bezinti ezingu-3-5 kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zephuzu lokuphuka ukuze ubone ukuthi kukhona yini umonakalo kukhebula le-optical. Azikho ezinye izindawo zomonakalo, ezibe sezibhekwa ngqo.
5. Ukweba nokucekela phansi impahla
Izigebengu zisika noma zilimaze ikhebula le-fiber optic ngonya, okubangela ukuthi livaleke. Ngemva kokuba lolu hlobo lokwehluleka seluvele, ukuhlolwa kwekhebula le-fiber optic kufanele kwenziwe lapho kufika endaweni yesehlakalo. Ukwehluleka okubangelwa ukwebiwa kuvame ukwenzeka ezindaweni ezikude, futhi ngamaphoyinti amaningi okusika, kulula ukuwathola. Uma ulungisa, khumbula ukuhlola amanye amaphuzu okuphazamiseka endaweni ezungezile. Qala ukuhlanganisa kabusha ikhebula le-fiber optic bese ufaka kabusha ikhebula le-fiber optic ngesinyathelo esisodwa ukuze ugweme ukuhlangana namaphoyinti okuphazamiseka ngemva kokuba ukunamathela sekuqediwe.
Ukugxila kokuxazulula umonakalo odalwe yiphutha lomuntu kusezindaweni ezifinyeleleka kalula ekuqondisweni kwekhebula le-optical. Ngenxa yokuthi ezinye izintambo ze-optical ezonakele zinqanyuliwe kancane, kunzima ukuthola izindawo zamaphutha ngokushesha. Hlela abasebenzi endaweni ukuze babambisane nabasebenzi bokuhlola egumbini lemishini ukuze bathole indawo yekhebula le-optical besebenzisa ikhebula le-optical uqobo. Ngemva kokunquma indawo yekhebula le-optical ngaphambi nangemva kwendawo yamaphutha (kungcono ngaphakathi kwamamitha ayi-100), faka ikhebula le-optical ngokushesha ukuze lithathe indawo yokusikwa. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umonakalo ubangelwe ukwebiwa noma ukucekelwa phansi, lesi sigameko kufanele sibikwe emaphoyiseni ngokushesha okukhulu.
6. Ukulunywa yinja, ukulunywa ngamagundane, ukukhonkothwa yizinyoni, amanxeba okudutshulwa, njll.
Lolu hlobo lokwehluleka luyisenzakalo esingaba khona amathuba amaningi, futhi ukuqinisa ukuhlolwa kwansuku zonke nokuvikela ikhebula le-optical kungavimbela ukwehluleka okunjalo. Esigabeni sokuqala sokwehluleka okunjalo, iningi liyi-single-core failure. Uma isevisi ingathinteki kakhulu, i-core ethintekile iqala idlule ukuze kubuyiselwe isevisi, bese kuba indawo yephutha itholakala futhi ikhonjwe. Ngenxa yobunzima bokuthola iphutha, ikhebula le-optical fiber livame ukulungiswa ngokushintshwa noma ukusika.
7. Ingaphakathi liyawohloka ngokwemvelo ngenxa yokuguga
Njengoba i-optical fiber yenziwe ngemicu yengilazi nepulasitiki, ibuthakathaka kakhulu. Ngokwethiyori, ukukhathala okungaguquki kuzokwenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi i-optical fiber izoguga kancane kancane, okuholela ekuqhekekeni kwe-fiber core yemvelo. Nokho, ekusetshenzisweni kwangempela, zimbalwa izingxenye zekhebula le-optical ezinokuphila okungaphezu kweminyaka eyi-15, ngakho-ke amathuba okuguga kwe-fiber core yemvelo aphansi. Izici ezifaka isandla kulokhu ukulimala kwangaphandle kwekhebula le-optical, ukufakwa kwebhokisi le-splice okungajwayelekile, ama-disc e-splice e-fiber angafaneleki, kanye nekhwalithi ephansi ye-splice.
Uma kukhulunywa ngokwehluleka, ingaphakathi liyabuyiselwa ikakhulukazi bese ikhebula le-optical lilungiswa ngokushintsha (ukulungisa) okusikiwe.
8. Izinhlekelele zemvelo
Ngaphansi kwesisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukuphepha komuntu siqu, ukulungiswa kwezimo eziphuthumayo kuzoqedwa ngesikhathi esifushane kakhulu. Uma kwenzeka izinhlekelele zemvelo ezinkulu, ukuphazamiseka kokuxhumana kwefoni ephathekayo okusabalele kungenzeka kakhulu. Abasebenzi bokulungisa izimo eziphuthumayo kumele bahlonyiswe ngama-walkie-talkie noma amafoni eselula asebenzisa opharetha abaningi ukuqinisekisa ukuxhumana okungenazinkinga kuyo yonke inqubo yokulungisa izimo eziphuthumayo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Novemba-18-2022
