The difference between electrical cables and optical cables:

One: essential difference. Inside the cable there is a metallic conductor (mainly copper, aluminum); the optical cable uses glass fiber as a conductor.

Second: there are differences in the transmission signals. Cables transmit electrical signals. Optical cables transmit optical signals.

Third: there are differences in the scope of application. Cables are now mainly used for power transmission and low-end data transmission (such as for telephones). Optical cables are mainly used for data transmission.