1. Kutengera magwiridwe antchito osiyanasiyana, mtunda ndi cholinga, zingwe zowunikira zitha kugawidwa m'zingwe zowunikira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zingwe zowunikira zakomweko, zingwe zowunikira zomwe zimayenda mtunda wautali komanso zingwe zowunikira zam'madzi.
2. Malinga ndi mitundu ya ulusi wa kuwala womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zingwe za kuwala, zingwe za kuwala zitha kugawidwa m'zingwe za kuwala za single-mode ndi zingwe za kuwala za multi-mode.
3. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa ma cores a ulusi wa kuwala mu chingwe cha kuwala, ma cable a kuwala amatha kugawidwa m'ma chingwe a kuwala a single-core, ma cable a dual-core, ndi zina zotero.
4. Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zokhazikitsira zolimbikitsira, zingwe zowunikira zitha kugawidwa m'zingwe zowunikira zokhala ndi zigawo zolimbitsa zapakati, zingwe zowunikira zokhala ndi zigawo zolimbitsa zobalalika, zingwe zowunikira zokhala ndi zigawo zolimbitsa za m'chimake, ndi zingwe zowunikira zokhala ndi chimake chakunja chophatikizana.
5. Malinga ndi mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya ma conductor ndi ma transmission media, zingwe zowala zitha kugawidwa m'zingwe zowala zopanda zitsulo, zingwe wamba zowala, ndi zingwe zowala zophatikizika (zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa mizere yolumikizirana ya ma network apadera a sitima).
6. Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zoikira, zingwe zowunikira zitha kugawidwa m'zingwe zowunikira za mapaipi, zingwe zowunikira zobisika mwachindunji, zingwe zowunikira zamlengalenga, ndi zingwe zowunikira zam'madzi.
7. Malinga ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zomangira, zingwe zowala zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: zingwe zowala za mawonekedwe athyathyathya, zingwe zowala zokhala ndi zigawo, zingwe zowala za mafupa, zingwe zowala zotetezedwa, ndi zingwe zowala zogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-15-2023
