Ni iyihe mirasire ntoya y'imigozi ya fiber optique ingana?

Fibre optique ni fibre ikozwe mu kirahure cyangwa pulasitiki, kandi fibre ubwayo iracikagurika cyane kandi iravunika byoroshye. Gupfunyika fibre nto mu gipfunyika cya pulasitiki bituma igorama idacika. Insinga ifite fibre optique ipfunyitse mu gipfunyika cy’uburinzi yitwa insinga optique. Ese insinga optique ishobora kunama uko ubyishakiye?

Kubera ko fibre ishobora kwangirika iyo ipfundikiye, kuyipfundikira bishobora gutuma ikimenyetso cy'urumuri gisohoka mu gice cy'urumuri, kandi uko uruziga rugenda rurushaho kugaragara, ikimenyetso cy'urumuri kizarushaho gusohoka. Kuziba bishobora kandi gutera uduce duto dushobora kwangiza burundu fibre. Uretse ikibazo ubwacyo, aho kuziba mikorosi biragoye kubona kandi bisaba ibikoresho bihenze byo gupima; byibuze, utumashini tugomba gusukurwa cyangwa gusimbuzwa. Kuziba mikorosi bishobora gutuma fibre igabanuka. Ingano yo kuziba mikorosi iterwa no kuziba mikorosi iriyongera uko uruziga rugabanuka. Kuziba mikorosi iterwa no kuziba mikorosi ni nini kuri 1550 nm ugereranyije na 1310 nm, ndetse bikanarenga kuri 1625 nm. Kubwibyo, mugihe ushyiramo utumashini tw'urumuri, cyane cyane ahantu hafite imiyoboro myinshi, jumper ntigomba kuzunga urenze uruziga rwayo rwemewe rwo kuziba. None se, ni iyihe ruziga ikwiye rwo kuziba?
Umwijima w'umunyu ni inguni aho umunyu ushobora gupfunyika neza ahantu hose. Umwijima w'umunyu upfunyika uratandukanye ku nsinga zose n'imigozi ya patch kandi ushobora gutandukana bitewe n'ubwoko bw'insinga n'uburyo ikorwa. Umwijima muto upfunyika uterwa n'umurambararo n'ubwoko bw'insinga ya optique; formula ikoreshwa ubusanzwe ni: umurambararo muto upfunyika = umurambararo wo hanze w'insinga ya optique x umurambararo munini w'umurambararo w'insinga ya optique.

Igipimo gishya cya ANSI/TIA/EIA-568B.3 gisobanura umurongo ntarengwa wo kugonda n'imbaraga ntarengwa zo gukurura imigozi kuri mikoroni 50/125 na mikoroni 62.5/125. Umurongo ntarengwa wo kugonda uterwa n'umugozi wihariye wa fibre optique. Mu gihe nta gushyuha, umugozi wo kugonda w'umugozi wa fibre optique muri rusange ntugomba kuba munsi y'inshuro icumi z'umurambararo w'inyuma (OD) w'umugozi wa fibre optique. Mu gihe cyo gukurura umugozi, umurambararo wo kugonda uruta inshuro 15 z'umurambararo w'inyuma w'umugozi wa fibre optique. Amahame ngenderwaho y'inganda zikoresha imigozi imwe asanzwe agena umurambararo ntarengwa wo kugonda ukubye inshuro icumi z'umurambararo w'inyuma w'umugozi upfutse cyangwa santimetero 38, icyo ari cyo cyose kinini. Fibre ya G652 ikoreshwa cyane ifite umurambararo ntarengwa wo kugonda ukubye wa mm 30.
G657, yashyizwe mu bikorwa mu myaka ya vuba aha, ifite umurambararo muto wo kugonda, harimo G657A1, G657A2, na G657B3. Umurambararo muto wo kugonda kuri G657A1 ni mm 10, kuri G657A2 ni mm 7.5, naho kuri G657B3 ni mm 5. Ubu bwoko bwa fibre bushingiye kuri fibre ya G652D, ituma imiterere yo kugonda igonda irushaho kuba myiza ndetse n'imiterere ya fibre, bityo bikongera imiterere yayo yo guhuza. Izwi kandi nka fibre idafata imiterere ya bend. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane muri FTTx na FTTH, ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu myanya mito yo mu nzu cyangwa mu mfuruka.
Gucika kw'imigozi no kwiyongera k'ubudahangarwa bw'imiyoboro bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo umuyoboro w'itumanaho wizewe mu gihe kirekire, ku kiguzi cy'imikorere y'umuyoboro, no ku bushobozi bwo kubungabunga no kongera umubare w'abakiriya. Kubwibyo, tugomba gusobanukirwa neza ingano ntoya ya migozi kugira ngo umugozi w'insinga cyangwa umugozi ukomeze gukora neza.