1. Ubucukuzi bw'inyubako
Gucukura aho imirimo y'ubwubatsi ibera, gucukura imiyoboro y'amazi nyuma y'imvura, imishinga yo kurengera ibidukikije mu nzego z'ibanze, no gucukura imiyoboro y'ubushyuhe n'iy'umwuka karemano ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bituma uyu muyoboro ucibwa. Mu birometero 1 uvuye ku mpera, aho winjirira, aho inkingi yinjira, imbere mu muyoboro, n'aho uhengamira bigomba kugenzurwa kugira ngo hirindwe ko hari izindi ngingo zicika n'aho zihagarara.
Ubushobozi bwo kugera aho ikibazo cyakorewe vuba bishoboka ni ingenzi cyane kugira ngo igikorwa cyo gusana kirambe. Iyo abakozi b'ubwubatsi baciye bakuzuza insinga ya fiber optique, gusana ikibazo biba bigoye cyane.
Niba imiyoboro y'amazi ikikije imiyoboro yapfumutse cyangwa imiyoboro yangiritse, gena inzira y'agateganyo hanyuma wongere insinga ya fiber optique kugira ngo isanwe byihutirwa aho hantu vuba bishoboka. Ibintu biri aho hantu biragoye; niba bidashoboka kumenya gahunda yihuse kandi ikora neza, gahunda nyinshi zizashyirwa mu bikorwa icyarimwe niba hari abakozi bahagije. Kuboneka kw'ibikoresho byo gucukura, nk'amasukari n'amapiki, nabyo ni ikintu cy'ingenzi kigabanya igihe cyo gusana. Kugira ngo hirindwe ko habaho ahantu hashya hangirika, gucukura hakoreshejwe imashini bigomba kwirindwa aho hantu uko bishoboka kose.
Iyo ibibazo birangiye, ibuye ry'ikimenyetso rigomba gushyirwa hejuru y'aho byaciwe kugira ngo birinde agasanduku k'insinga ya fiber optique. Nta kwimura inzira by'agateganyo mu mutekano, kandi hagomba gushyirwaho abakozi bo gushyira ikimenyetso aho hantu.
2. Imodoka iramanitse
Niba aho ikibazo kiri ku rundi ruhande rw'umuhanda, abakozi bashinzwe gusana impanuka bagomba gushyiraho ikimenyetso cyo kuburira nyuma yo kugera aho ikibazo cyabereye, gushyiraho umuntu wihariye wo kuyobora ibinyabiziga, kurinda umutekano w'abakozi bashinzwe gusana impanuka mu gihe cyo gusana, no kwirinda kwangiza insinga y'amashanyarazi mu gihe cyo gusana.
Mu gihe uhuye n'ikibazo cyo kugabanuka k'insinga za fiber optique, ugomba kubanza gukora ikizamini cy'umurongo wa fiber optique aho ikosa ryakorewe ukoresheje OTDR hanyuma urebe aho intera iri, udusanduku tw'aho ifata, imiyoboro, n'ibindi, biri hagati y'inkingi 3 kugeza kuri 5 ku mpera zombi z'aho icika kugira ngo urebe niba hari aho intera ya fiber optique yangiritse. Reba izindi ngingo zangiritse hanyuma uzifate neza.
Iyo ikinyabiziga gihagaze, hagomba gutegurwa inkingi n'urwego kugira ngo bishyigikire by'agateganyo insinga ya fibre optique aho inzira inyura. Nyuma yo gusana, inzira inyuramo igomba kuzamurwa, uburebure bugahindurwa, n'ikimenyetso kigashyirwaho.
3. Umuriro
Gucika intege kw'insinga z'amashanyarazi bitewe n'inkongi muri rusange ntibitera guhagarara kwa serivisi icyarimwe, kandi gucika intege kw'insinga ku yindi ni ibisanzwe mu nkongi z'umuriro. Nyuma y'uko abakozi bashinzwe gusana insinga zihutirwa bageze aho zikorera, babanza gusuzuma uko ibintu bimeze, bazimye umuriro, kandi barinde insinga z'amashanyarazi zangiritse. Kumenya insinga z'amashanyarazi ni ikibazo gikomeye mu gusana izi nsinga. Ukigera aho ikibazo cyabereye, ntukihutire gukata insinga z'amashanyarazi, cyane cyane ko atari nyinshi icyarimwe. Mu gihe ukata, shyira akamenyetso ku mpera zombi z'insinga z'amashanyarazi kugira ngo byoroshye gusana no gusora nta kongera kongera guhuza insinga z'amashanyarazi zitari zo.
Ubwo bwoko bw'ikosa butuma ibice byose by'insinga z'amashanyarazi zangiritse cyane bicibwa mbere yo gusora, kugira ngo hirindwe kongera gukoresha insinga z'amashanyarazi zangiritse nyuma yo gutangira gusora.
4. Ikubita ku giti cy'amashanyarazi
Insinga ya fiber optique yacitse kubera ko imodoka y’ubwubatsi yagonze inkingi y’amashanyarazi. Ukigera aho hantu habereye ikibazo, shyiramo ibimenyetso byo kuburira, uzingire ahantu hatekanye kugira ngo hakorwe ubutabazi bwihuse, shyiraho abakozi bo kwigisha abanyamaguru, kandi ukore isuzuma ry’insinga ya fiber optique mu gihe cyo gusana ubutabazi bwihuse kugira ngo urebe ahandi hantu hamenetse. Iyo gusana birangiye, inkingi yangiritse igomba gusimbuzwa vuba bishoboka kandi ikongera gusigwa irangi ry’ubutabazi.
Mu gihe usana ubwo bwoko bw'ikosa, witondere gukoresha OTDR kugira ngo ukore isuzuma ry'icyerekezo cy'imirongo ibiri kandi urebe aho inkingi, agasanduku k'amahuriro, n'ahantu ho kunyura mu gice cy'imirongo 3-5 ku mpera zombi z'aho impanuka iherereye kugira ngo urebe niba hari icyangiritse ku nsinga y'urumuri. Nta zindi ngingo z'ibyangiritse, hanyuma zigakemurwa by'umwihariko.
5. Ubujura n'ubwangizi
Abagizi ba nabi batema cyangwa bangiza insinga ya fiber optique, bigatuma ifungwa. Nyuma y’uko ubwo bwoko bw’ikosa bubayeho, hagomba gukorwa isuzuma ry’insinga ya fiber optique mu cyerekezo cy’ibice bibiri iyo igeze aho hantu habereye ikibazo. Ikosa riterwa n’ubujura rikunze kubaho mu bice bya kure, kandi iyo habayeho ibice byinshi, biroroha kubibona. Mu gihe usannye, ibuka kugenzura ahandi hantu hacitse mu gace kayikikije. Tangira kongera gusogongera no kongera gushyiramo insinga ya fiber optique mu ntambwe imwe kugira ngo wirinde guhura n’aho hacitse nyuma yo gusogongera.
Icyibandwaho mu gukemura ibibazo byangijwe n'amakosa y'abantu ni ahantu horoshye kugerwaho mu nzira y'insinga z'amashanyarazi. Kubera ko insinga zimwe na zimwe zangiritse zicikamo igice, biragoye kubona aho amakosa aherereye vuba. Tegura abakozi bo mu kigo kugira ngo bafatanye n'abakozi bapima mu cyumba cy'ibikoresho kugira ngo bamenye aho insinga z'amashanyarazi ziherereye bakoresheje insinga z'amashanyarazi ubwayo. Nyuma yo kumenya aho insinga z'amashanyarazi ziherereye mbere na nyuma y'aho amakosa aherereye (cyangwa muri metero 100), shyira ako kanya insinga z'amashanyarazi kugira ngo zisimbuze aho zaciwe. Nubwo ibyangiritse byaba byaratewe n'ubujura cyangwa kwangiza, ibyabaye bigomba kumenyeshwa polisi vuba bishoboka.
6. Kurumwa n'imbwa, kurumwa n'imbeba, gukubitwa n'inyoni, ibikomere by'amasasu, n'ibindi.
Ubwo bwoko bw'ikosa ni ikintu kidashoboka cyane, kandi gukomeza igenzura rya buri munsi no kurinda insinga y'amashanyarazi bishobora gukumira bene ibyo bibazo. Mu ntangiriro z'ibyo bibazo, inyinshi muri zo ziba ari ikosa ry'inyuma. Iyo serivisi idakunze kugerwaho, igice cy'imbere cyangiritse kibanza gusubikwa kugira ngo gisubize serivisi, hanyuma aho ikibazo kiri hakamenyekana. Bitewe n'uko bigoye kubona aho ikibazo kiri, insinga y'amashanyarazi isanzwe isanwa no gusimbuza cyangwa gukata.
7. Imbere hashobora gusenyuka bitewe no gusaza
Kubera ko fibre optique ikorwa mu birahure na pulasitiki, irakomera cyane. Mu by’ukuri, umunaniro udahinduka uzabaho uko igihe kigenda gihita, kandi fibre optique izagenda isaza buhoro buhoro, bigatuma igice cy’imbere cy’inyuma cy’inyuma cy’ikirahure gicika. Ariko, mu mikoreshereze nyayo, ibice bike by’impande z’ikirahure bigira igihe kirenga imyaka 15, bityo amahirwe yo gusaza kw’impande z’ikirahure cy’ikirahure ni make. Ibintu bituma ibi bibaho ni ukwangirika kw’inyuma ku nsinga z’ikirahure, gufunga agasanduku k’ikirahure kadakurikije amategeko, disiki za splice zidafite ishingiro, n’ubwiza bubi bwa splice.
Iyo bigeze ku byangiritse, igice cy'imbere cy'icyuma gisubizwa inyuma cyane cyane hanyuma insinga y'amashanyarazi igasanwa no gusimbuza (gusana) aho cyaciwe.
8. Ibiza by’umwimerere
Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga umutekano w'umuntu ku giti cye, gusana byihutirwa bizarangira mu gihe gito gishoboka. Mu gihe habaye ibiza bikomeye, itumanaho rya telefoni zigendanwa rishobora gukwirakwira cyane. Abakora mu gusana byihutirwa bagomba kuba bafite ibikoresho bya walkie-talkie cyangwa telefoni zigendanwa zikoresha ibikoresho byinshi kugira ngo itumanaho rirusheho kuba ryiza mu gihe cyose cyo gusana byihutirwa.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ugushyingo-18-2022
