Ko te taura whatu o waho, e kiia noa ana ko te taura o waho, he momo taura whatu. Ka kiia ko te taura whatu o waho nā te mea he mea hanga motuhake mō te whakamahinga o waho. He pakari, he kaha ki te tu atu i te hau, te rā, te makariri, me te hukapapa, ā, he matotoru te anga o waho. Kei a ia anō hoki ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha me te taiao pērā i te ātete ki te pēhanga, te ātete ki te waikura, me te kaha kume.
E rua ngā hanganga o ngā taura whatu o waho e whakamahia whānuitia ana: te momo ngongo pokapū me te taura whatu momo-piko.
① Taura whatu momo ngongo waenga: Ko te pokapū o te taura whatu he ngongo wetekina, ā, kei te taha o te ngongo wetekina te mema whakapakari. Hei tauira, he iti noa ngā matua o te taura whatu momo GYXTW noa, he iti iho i te 12 ngā matua.
Taura Whatu GYXTW:
Ngongo kurupae: Ko te rauemi o te ngongo kurupae he PBT, he mārō, he ngāwari, ā, he ātete ki te pēhanga taha.
Nā te mea 12 noa iho ngā tae o te muka whatu, ka taea anake te whakamahi i te taura whatu ngongo waenga-hiku paerewa ā-motu (paerewa o te ao) kia 12 noa iho ngā matua. Ko ngā taura whatu neke atu i te 12 ngā matua ka mirohia.
2. Taura Whatu Miro: He maha ngā paihere muka whatu ka mirohia ngātahitia huri noa i te huānga kaha o te matua. Ka taea te whakakotahi i ēnei taura whatu, pērā i te GYTS, GYTA, me ētahi atu, me ngā ngongo wetewete hei hanga matua nui ake. Te maha o ngā muka whatu.
Ko ngā taura muka whatu he 60 ngā matua, iti iho rānei, e whakamahi ana i te hanganga ngongo-5. Hei tauira, e 5 ngā paihere ngongo e whakamahia ana e te taura muka whatu 60-matua, ā, kei roto i ia paihere he 12 ngā muka whatu. I te nuinga o te wā, ka mirohia ngā taura muka whatu takirua-whiri, he 12 ngā matua, iti iho rānei, me te paihere ngongo kei roto he 12 ngā matua muka whatu me ngā waea whakakī totoka e 4. Ka taea hoki te miro me ngā paihere e 2 o ngā matua e 6 me ngā waea whakakī e 3, te whakakotahi rānei i ētahi atu huarahi.
Taura Whatu GYTS: I roto i ngā taura whatu miro, ko tēnei momo me te GYTA te mea tino noa. He maha ngā paihere ngongo ka mirohia ngātahi ki runga i tētahi waea maitai matotoru, kua whakakikoruatia ki te phosphate. Ka whakakīia ngā āputa o ngā waea miro ki te whakapiri taura ārai-wai, ā, ka whakakīia te takotoranga ki roto i tētahi takai o waho i muri i tētahi porowhita o te rīpene maitai.
Taura Whatu GYTA: He rite tonu te hanganga o tēnei taura whatu ki te GYTS, engari kua whakakapia te rīpene maitai ki te rīpene konumohe. Kāore te taupū ahotea taha o te rīpene konumohe i te teitei pērā i te rīpene maitai, engari he pai ake te ātete ki te ārai mate me te makuku o te rīpene konumohe. I ētahi taiao he paipa whakawhiti, mā te whakamahi i te tauira GYTA ka roa ake te ora o te taura whatu.
Taura whatu momo GYFTY: Ko tēnei momo taura whatu he maha ngā ngongo paihere kua takaihia ki te taha o te matua whakapakari kore-whakarewa. Ka whakakīia te wāhi takai ki te whakapiri taura, ka tiakina rānei ki te rīpene ārai-wai, ā, ka pēhia tika te uhi ki waho, kāore he pukupuku. He maha ngā momo rerekētanga o tēnei tauira. Ka whakamahia i roto i ētahi tono rangi. Hei whakanui ake i te kaha kume o te taura whatu, ka tāpirihia ētahi muka aramid me te uhi kua puta ki waho o te matua taura takai. Mena ehara te whakapakari pokapū i te matua whakapakari kore-whakarewa (FRP) engari he waea maitai, ko te tauira ko GYTY, F (koinei te tikanga mō te kore-whakarewa).
Taura muka whatu Momo 53: Ka kite tātou i ētahi tauira pēnei i a GYTA53 me GYTY53. Ka tāpirihia e tēnei tauira he paparanga o te pukupuku rino me te takotoranga ki ngā taura muka whatu GYTA me GYTY. Ka whakamahia i roto i ngā taiao he āhua kino te āhua. Ko te "53" e tohu ana i tētahi paparanga anō o te pukupuku me te takotoranga.
Wā tuku: 30 o Ākuhata-2021
